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technology and revolutionized the field of industrial computing. With the communi-

cations revolution and IoT technologies, it has become possible to integrate physical

electronic systems with the Internet of things as a frame of CPS/IoT to provide

advanced models for modern industries [10].

3

Multi-paradigm Modeling of Cyber-Physical Systems

Multi-model modeling (MPM) is defined as a method that enables the ability to

adapt the planning and communication of CPS to modeling several intelligent disci-

plines. MPM provides an understanding of the modeling of each part of complex

systems on several levels, using the appropriate model for each complex engineering

work [11]. About CPS, MPM helps to develop an effective design model. The

concept of Multi-Model Modeling (MPM) appeared in 1996 to establish the rules of

reanalysis by a multi-model methodology using a combination of different abstract

representations [12].

MPM provides flexible identification of a wide range of distinct topics, providing

toolsthatcanshiftfromtheoreticaltoapplication-orientedmethods.Incybersystems,

the physical component can be controlled by several smart methodologies that help

to allow the physical parts to interact with the desired objectives [13, 14]. Concerning

the CPS model, each atomic CPS is linked with one physical component, so that it

represents the mechanical behavior, in addition to linking with an electronic compo-

nent that regulates the computational function of the physical component. As can be

seen in Fig. 2, the atomic CPS does not contain any subsystems but has a special

element that defines its function. In CPS, the cyber and physical component classes

are considered as a subclass of the CPS general class component that characterizes

the common properties of these classes. Also, these classes can communicate with

any other component through their I/O interfaces.

In the control framework, the controller part enables control of the acts in the

physical environment component by any implies of control activity, in addition, to

recognize the current value of variables within the physical component [15]. The

controller at that point makes a sequence of control activities to rectify and act as a

control framework. It helps to recognize a control framework from a CPS [16]. In

general, there is no single characteristic that distinguishes CPS, so it is found that

physical cyber frameworks contain a large number of link parts and have several

characteristics, where these characteristics are linked to several issues such as [17].

A.

Large-Scale Physical Electronics: CPS is concerned with the operation

and logic of controlling these components, which contain several cyber

sub-components that deal with a large number of original data.

B.

Huge Operations Scale: CPS enables to outreach a few millions of components

and complexity intuitive.